Notes

Outline

Chapter 11   Flour, Lumber,        and Iron

How long had flour mills been in Minnesota BEFORE Charles Pillsbury started his?

15 Years

Which industry was Frederick Weyerhaeuser associated with?

The Lumber Industry

Did lumberjacks work all seven days of the week?

No, they were given Sunday as a day off.

What type of tree was highly prized for its high-quality lumber?

The White Pine

For which industry were waterfalls most valuable?

The Flour Industry

Who were paid higher wages in the flour industry, the sweepers or the machine operators?

Machine operators because their job was dangerous.  Sweepers were paid very little.

Name three iron ranges that were very important sources of iron ore.

1.  Mesabi 2.  Vermilion 3.  Cuyuna

What is the definition of “industrialists”?

Owners and managers of large businesses.

What is the definition of “labor union”?

Group of workers organized to bargain collectively for better wages and working conditions.

What is the definition of “industries”?

Specific branches of business that provide certain goods or services.

What is the definition of “economy”?

A system for producing, distributing, and consuming or using goods and services.

What is the definition of “industrialization”?

The process of developing large, mechanical factories.

List some ways that working conditions and wages for the miners were poor.

"Miners worked long hours" Miners worked long hours Miners were underground more than 10 hours a day Miners used dynamite which was dangerous Miners faced mine shaft collapses Rail cars that hauled ore could go out of control Miners were paid by the amount produced, not by the hour Miners worked in mine shafts that were dark and dusty

How did strikes across the country make changes that improved working conditions?

"8 hour workday" 8 hour workday 5-day workweek Restricted child-labor hours and conditions Minimum wages set by law Safe and clean workplaces Paid time off for vacations and sickness Employer-paid wages and medical costs for workers injured on the job

What are two parts of a lumberjack’s job that might have been enjoyable?

Possible answers: Working outside Eating big meals Sawing Working with a fun crew Good wages

What caused the lumber industry to decline in Minnesota?

By 1905 the white pine forests were almost all cut down.

What was the middlings purifier and what did it do?

It was a machine that took the brown flecks of bran out of flour to make it pure and white.

Essay Question   Choose either mining or flour milling to answer the following question IN PARAGRAPH FORM explaining your answers…

What were the natural resources, machines, and people that combined to make this industry grow in Minnesota?

Mining Ore deposits in the iron ranges Steam shovel and steam-powered railroad Later, electric steam shovels and diesel trains Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller Harry Oliver Miners first workers in Minnesota to strike for better work conditions.

Flour Milling Lots of rich farmland for growing wheat Waterpower at the Falls of St. Anthony Middlings purifier Steel rollers Abundance of workers Charles Pillsbury